What are the types of biotechnology?

Biotechnology:

Biotechnology is a science directed industry sector that uses living organisms and molecular biology to produce healthcare related products.

TYPES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY:

Red biotechnology:

Red biotechnology is a process that utilizes organisms to improve health care and also help the body to fight with diseases. It is a branch of modern biotechnology that is applied in the field of medicine.

Green biotechnology:

Green Biotechnology which is commonly known Plant Biotechnology. This is applied to agricultural processes to produce more environmentally friendly solution. Green biotechnology is explained as the application of plants and also other photosynthetic organisms with the aim to improve agricultural crops or for industrial.

White biotechnology:

The full branch of biotechnology is known as 'white biotechnology' is devoted to this. It uses living cells from yeast, bacteria, plants and enzymes to synthesize products that are easily degradable, and require less energy to build less waste during their production. Example of white Biotechnology is the use of microorganisms in chemical production, that designed and also production of new plastics textiles the development of new sustainable energy sources such as bio-fuels.

Yellow biotechnology:

Yellow biotechnology or Insect biotechnology can be defined as the use of whole insects of their organs, cells or molecules, but also their symbiotic microbes, in the fields of medicine red biotechnology, agriculture green biotechnology and industry white biotechnology.

Blue biotechnology:

Blue biotechnology is the application of science and technology to living aquatic organisms like blue water living organisms for the production of knowledge goods and services. Blue Biotechnology Revolt was poised to provide solutions to the health and also food supply problems of mankind as new technologies opened up the deep seas.

Grey biotechnology:

Grey or environmental biotechnology is an aspect of biotechnology that involves the application of biological systems and process in waste treatment and management and for the protection and restoration of the quality of the environment.

Gold biotechnology:

Gold biotechnology is also known as bioinformatics is across between the biological processes and also computing that plays a key role in biological data. Blue biotechnology encloses processes in marine and aquatic environments. Such as controlling the proliferation of noxious water borne organisms.

Does antiretroviral therapy treats and prevents HIV/AIDS?

 

The recent state-of-the-art treatment modality for HIV/AIDS is HAART, where three or more antiretroviral drugs are given to patients at once. The drugs used in mixture are in most cases from different classes that work based on different devices. Despite the remarkable achievements with the current HAART treatment for HIV/AIDS, there are still several challenges remaining. The major difficulty has been the disappointment of the treatment, typically due to poor patient submission. Due to the need to take the medication daily for a lifetime, patients fail to stand by the treatment schedule, leading to ineffective drug levels in the body and recoil of viral replication.

Moreover, in some patients, the virus develops fighting to particular combinations of drugs even with good loyalty. Drug resistance is mainly caused by the high genetic range of HIV-1 and the continuous mutation it experiences. This problem is being addressed with personalized therapy, whereby resistance testing is performed to select a combination of drugs that is most operative for each patient . In addition, side effects due to toxicities of the drugs are also a alarm.

Under present-day treatment, complete eradication of the virus from the body has not been likely. The major cause for this is that the virus lives in ‘latent reservoirs’ within memory CD4⁺ T cells and cells of the macrophage–monocyte family . A major study recently establish that, in addition to acting as latent tanks, macrophages significantly contribute to the generation of elusive mutant viral genotypes by serving as the host for viral genetic recombination 

Nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease

 

Nanotechnology could give another  way to deal with treat coronary conduit sickness (CAD) which is currently perhaps the greatest executioner in the Western world. The course of occasions, which prompts atherosclerosis and CAD, includes numerous organic variables and cell illness measures which might be moderated by helpful techniques improved by nanotechnology. Nanoparticles can give an assortment of conveyance frameworks for cargoes, for example, medications and qualities that can address numerous issues inside the supply routes. To improve the exhibition of current stents, nanotechnology gives distinctive nanomaterial coatings, in addition to controlled-discharge nanocarriers, to forestall in-stent restenosis. Nanotechnology can build the effectiveness of medications, improve nearby and orderly conveyance to atherosclerotic plaques and lessen the fiery or angiogenic reaction after intravascular intercession. Nanocarriers have potential for conveyance of imaging and indicative specialists to unequivocally focused on objections.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) which describes a disease action in which atherosclerotic plaque accumulates in the lining of coronary artery, producing a narrowing of the lumen of the artery, decreasing the compliance of the vessel wall suddenly causing a loss of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium. Angina or chest pain that can occur either after exercise or even at rest results, when blood supply to the heart muscle is restricted. Another major complications may occurs when a coronary thrombosis suddenly blocks the blood supply to the heart, precipitating a heart attack or a myocardial infarction. The common cause of this sudden thrombosis is the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery.

Nanotechnology effectively increases the efficiency of drugs, improve local and systematic delivery to atherosclerotic plaques and reduce the inflammatory or angiogenic response after intravascular intervention. Nanocarriers have potential for conveyance of imaging and demonstrative specialists to unequivocally focused on objections.

Recent Innovations or Advancements in Nanotechnology for Diabetes Treatment

Recent advancements of nanotechnology in the field of medicine and engineering, exploring typical applications of these emerging technologies. The mechanical properties of nanotechnology regulate their utility and are therefore of considerable interest. Based on nanometer scale tests, a theoretical model to predict the bending strength of a Nano beam is proposed.

The impact of nanotechnology in the field of medicine is increasing fastly with each passing day. It is useful in detection of and treatment of diabetes. Nanotechnology has demonstrated helpful in treating diabetes mellitus by improving the synergist properties of anodes as well as by expanding the accessible surface zone of the sensor-receptor complex. This can revolutionize insulin through upgraded oral definitions and islet encapsulate. Polyethylcyanoacrylate nanospheres have demonstrated to be effective for insulin conveyance in streptozotocin-incited (STZ) diabetic rat model. Ideally, cutting edge nanoparticle intervened insulin will improve regular day to day existences of diabetic patients soon.

The application of nanotechnology in the of medicine holds many possible advantages, such as access to small and clinically relevant areas of cells and analysis of small volumes of analytes. Moreover, the development of quantum impacts prompts intriguing and valuable actual properties; for instance, nanoscale carbon is more grounded than steel, profoundly moldable, fluorescent, and shows brilliant electrical conductivity

Recent Innovations or Advancements:

·         Nanotech detector for heart attacks

·         Super flexible chips

·         Creating biodegradable electrodes

·         Silver nanoparticles

·         Nanotech-powered breathalyzer

·         Nano Particles & nano tubes

·         Nano pores & quantum dots

 Recent Innovations or Advancements for Diabetes Treatment

Single subcutaneous injection of the nano-network was capable of maintaining a diabetic mouse's blood glucose levels in the normoglycemic range for 10 days48. More recently, Tai and co-workers developed an enzyme based biomimetic polymersome for glucose-responsive insulin delivery.

 

Nanotechnology and Its Applications to Medicine

 

Nanotechnology is a nearly new part of science which incorporates control of properties of issue at nanoscale. The reason of nanotechnology lies in the proof that the properties of a component or compound can be controlled effectively when it exists in its nanoform (diameter of 1-100nm). The broad clarification of nanotechnology demonstrates to the specific mechanical goal of unequivocally controlling particles for fabrication and atoms of macroscale items, additionally now presented as atomic nanotechnology.

Now a days there are more interesting with nanotechnology and its applications in several sectors specially in medication for conclusions, remedial and research biomedical devices. It tends to be characterized as any cycle or strategy used to create material in nano-scale structure with particle size ranged from 1-100 nm. So nanotechnology has solidly entered the medication conveyance domain to augment drug restorative action and limit its bothersome results. In this we manage both nanoparticles and nano-filaments and their applications in clinical field. Nano-particles have exceptional properties from its little size with high surface area therefore it provides larger than particle numbers from that prepared with convention methods. Moreover, nanoparticles can be utilized to improve different medication bio-accessibility from its biodegradability and bio-similarity. Nano-strands have gigantic surface region to volume proportion which increment its presentation in a few applications. Nano-fiber delivered by means of electrospinning measure (straightforward and have high creation rate). It can be used in many applications such as drug release and protective clothes, tissue engineering scaffold, water filtration, wounds, fiber composites.

Applications of Nanotechnology:

Since different cell types have different properties, nanotechnology can be used to “recognise” cells of interest. This allows to identify drugs and therapeutics to reach diseased tissue while avoiding healthy cells. Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the fastly developing field of nanotechnology. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human life. This brief review tries to summarise the most recent innovative developments in the field of applied nanomaterials, in particular their application in biology and medicine, and discusses their commercialisation prospects.

 

 

How a nanoparticle helps to overcome COVID-19?

                                                   

Nanoparticles have antiviral and antibacterial activities. The main motto of nanoparticles is to fight microbes that cause influenza and tuberculosis issues. It has ability to prevent the pathogens and viruses due to the potential surface conversion and functionalization with a huge amount of reports in the literature and rising regarding the control of coronaviruses.

Nanotechnology fights against COVID-19 through different methods in the medical field, the analysis with the help of nanotechnology is said to be as nanomedicine. It has an excellent potential in trade with several health issues that include viruses and could serve as a new avenue for the treatment and disinfection of viruses.

Simplified portrayal of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the nanotechnologies tools is to preclude and control COVID-19. The virus penetrates into cell by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and uses the host cell’s machinery to reproduce and contaminate new host cells. Nanotechnology has a lot of analysis for the development of new materials, open perspectives for surfaces with self-cleaning properties and promising disinfectant systems. These systems can have antimicrobial activity and able to release chemical disinfectants slowly, rapidly their time of action. Nano-based materials could help in:

•         Virus detection
•         More efficient and safer treatment and vaccines
•         Nano-based Personal Protective equipment (PPE)

What’s going on with nanotechnology in space?

                                                            

Nanotechnology will play a vital role in future space missions with the help of nanosensors and nanomaterials for making space flight more practical. Upgrading, nanomaterial make lightweight solar sails and a cable for the space elevator possible. Nanomaterial provides effective radiation shielding, as well as energy storage, such as the newly developed isotopically enriched boron nanotubes, which could pave the path to future spacecraft with nanosensor-integrated hulls.

Nanorobots improves the performance of spaceships, spacesuits, and the equipment used to explore planets and moons, making nanotechnology an important part of the ‘final frontier' in space flight mission.

Applications of Nanotechnology in Space Flight:

• To reduce the weight of spaceships, the materials made from carbon nanotubes
• The space elevator is a device that will dramatically reduce the cost of sending cargo into an orbit which eliminates the need to use rocket fuel 
• NASA is also planning to use nanosensors to improve the monitoring levels of trace chemicals in a spaceship of life support systems
• Bio-nano robots are used for the response in spacesuits, whereas the outer layer of bio-nano robots will respond when damages happened to the spacesuit and the inner layer could respond if the astronaut was in trouble with to spacesuit